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Identity-based motivation theory (IBM) is a social psychological theory of human motivation and goal pursuit, which explains when and in which situations people’s identities or self-concepts will motivate them to take action towards their goals.〔Oyserman, D. (2015). Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation. Oxford University Press.〕 IBM predicts that the motivational power of our identities depends on which identities come to mind and what they are taken to mean in a given moment (termed “dynamic construction”), whether or not those identities feel like they fit with the current situation (termed “action-readiness”), and how experienced difficulties are interpreted (termed “interpretation of difficulty”). People interpret situations and experienced difficulties in ways that are consistent with whichever identities are currently on their minds, and prefer to act in ways that are identity-consistent rather than identity-inconsistent.〔Oyserman, D., Fryberg, S. A., & Yoder, N. (2007). Identity-based motivation and health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 1011-1027.〕〔Oyserman, D. (2015). Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation. Oxford University Press.〕 When actions feel identity-consistent, difficulties that come up tend to be interpreted as important, suggesting actions are meaningful. On the other hand, when actions feel identity-inconsistent, the same difficulties suggest the behavior is pointless and “not for people like me.” The IBM model was developed by University of Southern California Professor Daphna Oyserman, and has been used as a foundation for a variety of aspiration-achievement gap interventions in schools,〔Oyserman, D. Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 188-204.〕〔Oyserman, D., Destin, M., & Novin, S. (2015). The context-sensitive future self: Possible selves motivate in context, not otherwise. Self and Identity, 14(2), 173-188.〕〔Smith, G. C., & Oyserman, D. (2015). Just not worth my time? Experienced difficulty and time investment. Social Cognition, 33(2), 85-103.〕 health,〔Oyserman, D., Fryberg, S. A., & Yoder, N. (2007). Identity-based motivation and health. Journal of personality and social psychology, 93(6), 1011.〕〔Oyserman, D., Smith, G. C., & Elmore, K. (2014). Identity‐Based Motivation: Implications for Health and Health Disparities. Journal of Social Issues, 70(2), 206-225.〕 planning, and savings.〔Lewis, N. A., Jr., & Oyserman, D. (2015) When Does the Future Begin? Time Metrics Matter, Connecting Present and Future Selves. Psychological Science, 26, 816-825.〕 Identity-based motivation theory is also used in understanding motivations behind giving both gifts 〔Klein, J. G., Lowrey, T. M., & Otnes, C. C. (2015). Identity-based motivations and anticipated reckoning: Contributions to gift-giving theory from an identity-stripping context. Journal of Consumer Psychology.〕 and charity,〔Aaker, J. L., & Akutsu, S. (2009). Why do people give? The role of identity in giving. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(3), 267-270.〕 consumer behavior,〔Burson, K. A., & Gershoff, A. D. (2015). Marketing actions that influence estimates of others also shape identity. Journal of Consumer Psychology.〕〔Shavitt, S., Torelli, C. J., & Wong, J. (2009). Identity-based motivation: Constraints and opportunities in consumer research. Journal of consumer psychology: the official journal of the Society for Consumer Psychology, 19(3), 261〕 and the interface between culture and identity.〔Gomez, P., & Torelli, C. J. (2015). It's not just numbers: cultural identities influence How nutrition information influences the valuation of foods. Journal of Consumer Psychology〕 ==Early Inspiration for IBM – Devil’s Night in Detroit== Devil’s Night in Detroit, the eve before Halloween when youths traditionally tear up the town, got Oyserman, thinking about the role of identities in how we make decisions. Oyserman had just arrived in nearby Ann Arbor for her doctoral studies at the University of Michigan. In quainter times, Devil’s Night tricks involved egging windows and toilet-papering trees. But by then – 1983 – pranks had escalated to fire-setting in parts of the city. “I wondered what the youths who were setting fires were imagining about their futures,” Oyserman wrote in the author’s note of her book Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation. “Surely they were not thinking something along the lines of ‘I will set a fire and this may ruin my life if I get caught in a felony and am jailed’ or ‘I will set a fire and someone might die in this fire; it will be on my conscience and forever change the person I become.’” On the other hand, she wondered about the ones who did not partake. “Perhaps they had a particular way of imagining possibilities for their future selves that highlighted the risks of participating in Devil’s Night.” This experience led Oyserman to pursue decades of research that manifested into the current theory of identity-based motivation.〔Johnson, P. J. (2015, March 4). When I Grow Up, I will be…:Dean’s Professor of Psychology Daphna Oyserman’s new book explains why young children’s imagine futures matter for current action. University of Southern California News〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Identity based motivation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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